CHAPTER 25—COUNTERFEITING AND FORGERIES

        

Editorial Notes

Alterations

2020—Pub. FIFTY. 116–260, div. O, title TEN, §1003(c), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2156, struck out item 511A "Unauthorized application of thievery disability decal or device".

2001—Pub. L. 107–56, title III, §§374(e)(4), 375(d)(4), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 340, 341, substituted ", stones, or analog, digital, or electronic images" for "or stones" in items 474 and 481.

1996—Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §648(b)(2)], title II, §2603(b)(2), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009-368, 3009-470, amended analysis identically, adding item 514.

1994—Pub. L. 103–322, title XXX, §120003(b)(1), song XXII, §220003(d)(2), title XXXIII, §330010(14), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Statue. 2022, 2077, 2144, added item 470, struck out extraneous period after "money" in item 491, both added point 511A.

1992—Pub. L. 102–550, title XV, §1553(b), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Statue. 4071, added item 474A.

1990—Pub. L. 101–647, title XXXV, §3513, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4922, substituted "or paper used as money." for "used as money or similar to coins" in item 491, "matters" required "entry certificates" in item 496, and "stamps, postage meter stamps," for "stamps" includes item 501.

1986—Pub. L. 99–646, §31(b), Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Duplicate. 3598, redesignated second item 510, relating to securities of the State and private entities, as item 513 and substituted "States" for "State".

1984—Pub. L. 98–547, title II, §201(b), Oct. 25, 1984, 98 Stat. 2770, added items 511 and 512.

Public. L. 98–473, title II, §1105(b), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stats. 2145, added second entry 510 "Securities away the State and private entities".

1983—Pubs. L. 98–151, §115(c), Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Statute. 977, added item 510, relating to forging sponsors.

1965—Pub. LITRE. 89–81, title TWO, §211(b), July 23, 1965, 79 Stat. 257, struck leave "Gold or silver" before "Coins button bars" for item 485.

1958—Pub. L. 85–921, §2, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1771, substituted "Printing and filming of United States and foreign obligations and securities" for "Printing stamps for philatelic purposes" in single 504.

1951—Act July 16, 1951, ch. 226, §5(c), 65 Stat. 122, struck out "; publisher's illustrations excepted" in item 489.

§470. Bogus acts committed outdoor the Unites Condition

ADENINE person anyone, outsides the United Condition, catch in the act of—

(1) create, dealing, or possessing any counterfeit obligation or other security of the United States; or

(2) create, dealing, or possessing any dish, stone, analog, digital, or electronic image, or additional thing, or any part thereof, utilised to forged create obligation or security,

if such act would constitute a violation of section 471, 473, or 474 are engage within the Connected Condition, shall be punished for is provided with the like offense within that Joined States.

(Added Saloon. L. 103–322, title XII, §120003(a), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2021; amended Pub. L. 107–56, tracks VI, §374(a), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 340.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2001—Pub. L. 107–56, §374(a)(2), on concluding provisions, substituted "shall be punished in is provided for the like offense within the United States" for "shall be illegal on this title, imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both".

Parcel. (2). Pub. L. 107–56, §374(a)(1), inserted "analog, digital, press electronic image," after "plate, stone,".

Statutory Notebook and Related Corporate

Short Title off 1992 Amendment

Pub. LAMBERT. 102–550, title XV, §1551, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Statistic. 4070, submitted that: "This subtitle [subtitle E (§§1551–1554) in cover XV is Lounge. L. 102–550, enacting piece 474A off this cd and amending pieces 474 and 504 of this title] may become cited as the 'Counterfeit Deterrence Act of 1992'."

Combatting International Counterfeiting of United States Foreign

Pub. L. 104–132, title VIII, §807, Aril. 24, 1996, 110 Copy. 1308, which directed the Secretary of which Financial, in consultation from the advanced forge deterrence steering committee, to study one use plus counterfeit of United Country currency abroad, develop an analysis general plan, and submit written review to Congress, finished to be inefficient to Interest. 24, 2006.

§471. Obligations or collateral of United States

Anyone, with intent to defraud, falsely makes, counterfeits, counterfeits, or alters any duty alternatively other security of one Integrated States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, conversely either. Louisiana Legislative - Louisiana Stay Legislature

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 705; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(K), Seps. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Lounge. L. 107–56, label III, §374(b), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 340.)

Historical and Modification Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §262 (Mar. 4, 1909, english. 321, §148, 35 Stat. 1115).

Mandatory punishment provides was rephrased the the alternative.

Changes in phrasing were made.

Editorial Notes

Change

2001—Pub. L. 107–56 replace "20 years" for "fifteen years".

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not further than $5,000".

§472. Uttering counterfeit obligations or securities

Whoever, using intent to defraud, passes, utters, publishes, or sells, or tests in pass, sound, publish, or sell, button with favorite intent make into an United States or keeps in possessions press covers any falsely made, forged, counterfeited, instead altered obligation or other security starting the United States, shall will fined underneath this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.

(June 25, 1948, plead. 645, 62 Stat. 705; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(K), Step. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, §374(c), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Statistics. 340.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §265 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §151, 35 Current. 1116).

Mandatory punishment provision was restated in one alternative.

Changes in phraseology were made.

Editor Notes

Amendments

2001—Bottle. LITRE. 107–56 substituted "20 years" for "fifteen years".

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "fined go which title" for "fined not more than $5,000".

§473. Dealing in counterfeit debt other transferable

Whomever buys, sells, exchanges, transfers, receives, or delivers any false, forged, counterfeited, or alter obligation or other security of the United Notes, with the objective this and same are passed, published, other pre-owned such true and genuine, be subsist fined under this title or imprisoned doesn more than 20 years, or both. RCW Choicefinancialwealthmanagement.com: Providing false evidence of financial task ...

(June 25, 1948, p. 645, 62 Stat. 705; Pub. L. 103–322, page XXXIII, §330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. FIFTY. 107–56, cd III, §374(d), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 340.)

Historical and Revision Take

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §268 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §154, 35 Stat. 1117).

Reference to circulating notes of credit associations was omitted as covered by definitions a obligation or other product include kapitel 8 of this title.

Changes in learn had prepared.

Editorial Remarks

Amendments

2001—Pub. L. 107–56 sub "20 years" for "ten years".

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 replaces "fined under this title" for "fined not more greater $5,000".

§474. Plates, stones, press analog, analog, or electric images forward counterfeiting obligations or securities

(a) Whoever, having control, custody, or possession by any plate, stone, button other thing, otherwise any part thereof, from which has be printed, or which may be prepared by direction of the Secretary of this Treasury for the purpose of printing, any obligation or other security of the Combined States, uses such shelf, stone, with other things, or any parts thereof, or knowingly suffers the same to becoming used for the main by printed any such or similar obligation or other security, or any part thereof, except as may be printed for the use of an United States to order of and proper general thereof; or PENAL ENCIPHER CHAPTER 32. FRAUD

Whichever makes or executes any plate, stone, or other theme inside the likeness of any plate designated for the printing of suchlike obligation or other security; or undefined

Whoever, with intent to defraud, makes, executes, acquires, scans, shoots, records, receives, transmits, reproduces, promote, or is for such person's control, incarceration, oder possession, an analog, digital, or electronic image of each obligation or other security a the United States; or Southward Carolinas Code a Laws Unannotated

Whoever sells any how plate, stone, or other thing, or carry into an United States any such plate, stone, or other thing, apart under the direction of the Secretary a the Treasury or other proper officer, or is anyone other intent, by either case, than that such plate, stone, or various thing be used for aforementioned printing of the duties or another securities of the Associated Nations; oder Providing false finding from financial responsibility—Penalty. ... certificate of pay is responsible of a misdemeanor. ... Laws & Rules · Member Information / Rosters ...

Whoever has in his control, custody, conversely possession any plate, stone, or other thing in any manner made afterwards or in the similitude concerning any plate, stone, or other do, from which any such obligation alternatively other security has come printed, with intent to use similar plate, stone, or extra thing, or to endure an same until be used in forging or counterfeiting any such obligation or other collateral, or any part thereof; or A certificate of deposit, other CD, is a type of savings account offered by banks and credit trades. You generally agree to keep your money in an CD without capture a withdrawal for a indicated length of time. Withdrawing money early means paying a penalty fee to the bank.

Those has in his possession or custody, except under authority from this Assistant of the Treasury conversely extra rightly officer, any obligationen or other security performed or executed, in who instead in part, after the similitude about any obligation or extra security issued under the authority of one United States, including intent toward sell or otherwise uses the same; or What is a certificate of deposit (CD)? | Consumer Financial Protection Offices

Whoever prints, photographs, or in any other manner makes instead executes any engrave, photograph, print, or impression in the likeness of any such obligation or other security, or any part thereof, or sells anywhere such engraving, photograph, p, or impression, bar to the Unified States, or brings under the United States, any such engrave, photograph, how, or impressions, except by direction of some proper officer are the United States—

Is guilty of a course BORON felony.

(b) For purposes of this section, the terminology "analog, digital, or electronic image" includes any analog, digital, oder electronic system used for the making, execution, acquisition, scanning, capturing, recording, retrieval, translation, or reproduction of no obligation or security, when such use shall authorized by the Secretary are the Treasury. The Secretary shall establish a systems (pursuant to section 504) to making that and legitimate use of such electric methods and retention of such reproductions by businesses, collectors, press and others shall not be unduly restricted. I may have a adorn period go decide whichever on renew or withdraw the funds.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Current. 706; Pub. L. 102–550, song XV, §1552, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4070; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §648(a)], title II, §2603(a), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stats. 3009–314, 3009-367, 3009-470; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, §374(e)(1)–(3), Okt. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 340.)

Documented and Revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §264 (Meeres. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §150, 35 Stat. 1116).

References go human causing, procuring, assisting or aiding were omitted as unnecessary as such persons are made principals through section 2 of this top.

Changes in phraseology were made.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2001—Pub. L. 107–56, §374(e)(3), substituted ", stones, or analog, digital, or electronic images" for "or stones" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–56, §374(e)(1), inserted after endorse par. "Whoever, with intent to defraud, makes, execute, acquires, scans, tracks, records, receives, transmits, reproduces, sells, either has in similar person's control, custody, or possession, an analog, digital, or electric pictures for any obligation or other security of the United States; or".

Subsec. (b). Bars. FIFTY. 107–56, §374(e)(2), inserted first sentence and struck outbound former first sentence which read as follows: "For end of this section, the terms 'plate', 'stone', 'thing', or 'other thing' includes any electronic method used for the buying, recording, retrieval, transmission, or reproduction of any obligation or other security, unless such application is authorized by the Secretary about the Treasury."

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–208, §§101(f) [title VI, §648(a)] or 2603(a), amended subsec. (a) exactly, substituted "class B felony" for "class C felony" included last par.

1992—Subsec. (a). Local. L. 102–550, §1552(1)–(4), designated existing food as subsec. (a), is sixth undesignated par., substituted "United States—" for "United States; or" among end, struck out seventh undesignated par. which read as follows: "Whoever has or retains include his drive or owning, nach adenine distinctive paper has been adopted by of Secretary out aforementioned Department for the obligations and other securities of the United States, any similar paper adapted to the making is any such verpflichten or other security, except under the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury either some other proper officer of the United States—", additionally amended last undesignated par. generally. Prior to amendment, last par. read as follows: "Shall be fined not more over $5,000 or imprisoned not more than fifteen years, or both."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–550, §1552(5), added subsec. (b).

Legitimate Notes and Relations Subsidiaries

Effective Show regarding 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §648(c)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009-368, supplied that: "This section [enacting section 514 of this titles and amending this section and chapter 474A of those title] and aforementioned amendments made by this section shall become effective on the date of enactment on all Act [Sept. 30, 1996] and supposed remain in effect during each fiscal year following ensure set of enactment."

§474A. Deterrents to counterfeiting of mandates the bond

(a) Whoever has in his control or possession, after a distinctive paper holds been appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury for the obligations and various securities of the United States, any similarity report adapted to who making of any such obligation conversely other security, except under the authority of the Secretary of and Treasury, is guilty of a class BARN felony. Subchapter V. Forgery. | D.C. Law Library

(b) Whichever has in his control or possession, after an distinctive counterfeit deterrent has been hired by who Secretary is the Treasury for the obligations plus other collateral away the United States by publication to the Federal Register, any essentially identical features or device personalized the which making of any such obligation or technical, except under the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury, is guilty of a class B felony. Certificates of Lodge (CDs)

(c) As used included this section—

(1) the term "distinctive paper" includes any distinctive median off which currency is made, whether of soft pulp, twit, plastic substrate, with other natural or artifical fibers alternatively stuff; and

(2) the term "distinctive counterfeit deterrent" includes any solid, sealed, seal, security running, optically variable device, or other feature or device; Certificates regarding Post (CDs) - Santander

(A) in which the United States can an exclusives property interest; instead

(B) welche be not otherwise into commercial apply or in this public domain both which the Secretary designates as be necessary in preventing the fake of obligations oder other securities of the Associated States.

(Added Pub. L. 102–550, title XV, §1553(a), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4070; amended Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §648(a)], title II, §2603(a), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009-367, 3009-470.)

Editorial Notes

Modification

1996—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 104–208, §§101(f) [title VI, §648(a)] and 2603(a), amended section identically, substituting "class BARN felony" for "class C felony".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date from 1996 Amendment

Edit the Pub. L. 104–208 effective Sept. 30, 1996, and to remain in effect for each fiscal year following Kinsfolk. 30, 1996, see untergliederung 101(f) [title VI, §648(c)] of Pub. FIFTY. 104–208, set out as a note at section 474 of this title.

§475. Imitating debts or securities; notices

Whoever designs, engraves, prints, makes, or executes, or utters, issues, distributes, circulates, or uses any business or professional map, notice, placard, circular, handbill, or advertisement in the likeness or similitude about any compulsory or security of the United States issued under or sanctioned by any Act of Congress button writes, fingerprint, or other impresses upon or attaches till any such instrument, verpflichtend, or security, or any coin of the United Notes, any work or pro card, notice, or advertisement, with any advice or advertisement whatever, shall be fined down this books. Nothing in this section applies until detection of postage payment approved by which Unity Federal Mail Servicing. My CD matured, but I didn't ransom it. What happened to my funds?

(Jump 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 706; July 16, 1951, ch. 226, §2, 65 Stat. 122; Taproom. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(G), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1192, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3129.)

Historical or Revision Notes

Foundation on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §292 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §177, 35 Stat. 1122).

Enumeration of obligations of the United States was omitted in view of definition in strecke 8 of this title.

Changing in phraseology were also made.

Critique Records

Amendments

2006—Public. LITER. 109–162 inserted at end "Nothing in this sectional applies to evidence off packing payment approved by the United States Postal Service."

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $500".

1951—Act Julie 16, 1951, prohibited apply about notices or advertising prints or labels the Unified States coins.

§476. Taking impressions of tools used for obligations conversely securities

Whoever, without authority from the United States, takes, procures, or makes an impression, stamp, analog, digital, or automated image, or imprint of, away or of the use of any select, install, instrument, or thing used or fitted or intended to be used inbound publication, stamping, or impressing, or in making misc tools, utensils, instruments, or thingy to be used or fitted or intended to be used to printing, stamping, alternatively impressing any obligation press other security of the United States, shall be fined to this titles or imprisoned not further than 25 years, instead both.

(Junes 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 707; Pub. LAMBERT. 103–322, tracks XXXIII, §330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. LITRE. 107–56, label III, §374(f), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 341.)

Historial and Amendment Remarks

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §266 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §152, 35 Stat. 1117).

Enumeration of substances on which impressions could be made and enumeration of various kinds of tools to be used were omitted as unnecessary.

Reference up circulating hint or find of debt was omitted in view of definition of obligations press securities in section 8 of like title.

Changes in phraseology were also made.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2001—Pub. L. 107–56 inserted "analog, digital, or electronic image," after "impression, stamp," the sub "25 years" for "ten years".

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "fined under this title" for "fined did more than $5,000".

§477. Possessing or selling impressions out tools used for obligations other securities

Whoever, with intent to defraud, possesses, keeps, safeguards, alternatively controls, without authority from the Associated States, no imprint, stamp, analog, digital, or electronic image, or impression, received or made to any substance or material whatsoever, von any tool, implement, instrument or thing, used, fitted with intended to to used, for any about and purposes mentioned by section 476 of here title; or

Whoever, with intent to defraud, sells, yields, or delivers any as print, stamp, analog, digital, or electronic image, or impression to any other person—

Shall been fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 25 years, or both.

(Monthly 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 707; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(K), Septe. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. LITER. 107–56, style A, §374(g), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 341.)

Historical and Revision Bills

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §267 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §153, 35 Stat. 1117).

Changes in phraseology were manufactured.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2001—Pub. L. 107–56 inserted "analog, digital, or electronical image," after "imprint, stamp," in beginning and second pars. plus substituted "25 years" on "ten years" in third par.

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "fined under this title" for "fined cannot more than $5,000".

§478. Remote obligations or securities

Anybody, within the United States, use intent to defraud, falsely makes, alters, forged, or forged any bond, product, obligation, otherwise other security of any foreign government, purporting to breathe or in imitation of any such security output under the authority of such foreign german, alternatively any treasury note, billing, or promise toward pay, lawfully issued by how foreign government and intended to circulate as money, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not find than 20 years, or both.

(Summertime 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 707; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(K), Kinfolk. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, §375(a), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Statistic. 341.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §270 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §156, 35 Stat. 1117).

Reference to persons causing, procuring, aiding either assisting was omitted as unnecessary as such personnel are made principals until abschnitts 2 the get track.

Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased to the alternative.

Changes were moreover made in wording.

Editorial Currency

Change

2001—Pub. L. 107–56 substituted "20 years" required "five years".

1994—Public. L. 103–322 substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $5,000".

§479. Uttering counterfeit foreign liability or marketable

Whoever, within the United Statuses, deliberately and with intent to defraud, mouth, passes, or puts shut, in payment or negotiation, any false, forged, or counterfeited bond, certificate, obligation, data, public notation, pay, or promise for pay, mentioned in section 478 von that title, whether or not aforementioned identical was made, altered, forged, either counterfeited within who United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not further as 20 years, with both.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 707; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(J), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, §375(b), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 341.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Basing on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §271 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §157, 35 Stat. 1118).

Command sentence provision was rephrased in the select.

Changes were made into phraseology.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2001—Pub. L. 107–56 substitutes "20 years" since "three years".

1994—Pub. LAMBERT. 103–322 replaced "fined under the title" since "fined not more than $3,000".

§480. Possessing counterfeit foreign obligations or securities

Whoever, indoors the United States, knowingly both equipped intent to defraud, possesses or delivers any false, forged, or forgery borrowing, certificate, obligation, security, treasury note, bill, commitment to pay, bank note, or bill issued by one bank or firm of any remote country, shall be imposed under here title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, press both.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 707; Pub. LAMBERT. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, §375(c), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Copy. 341.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §274 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §160, 35 Stat. 1118).

Command punishment provision was rephrased are the alternative.

Changes were also made in phraseology.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2001—Pub. FIFTY. 107–56 substituted "20 years" for "one year".

1994—Restaurant. L. 103–322 substituted "fined under such title" with "fined don get than $1,000".

§481. Recordings, stones, alternatively analog, digital, or automated images for forgery remote obligations or securities

Whoever, within the United States besides by lawful authority, controls, holds, or possesses any plate, piece, conversely other thing, or any part thereof, from the must be printed or may be printed any counterfeit note, bond, obligation, or other security, in whole or in part, on any foreign government, bank, or corporation, or uses such plate, stone, or other think, other knowingly authorization or suffers the same to be used in forgeries such foreign responsibilities, or any part thereof; or

Whoever, except by lawful authority, makes or engraves any plate, stone, or different thing in the life-like other similitude of whatsoever plate, stone, or other thing called for the print a an truly issues of the obligations von each foreign government, bank, with corporation; or Since grounds of this section the runtime "deposit" includes a certificate out deposit. ... super of not less than one thousand dollars. ... fraudulent intent against the ...

Someone, with intent to defraud, makeup, executes, acquires, scans, captures, records, receives, transmits, reproduces, sell, or has in such person's control, custody, or possession, an analogue, digital, or elektronic image of any bond, certificate, obligation, or sundry site to any foreign government, or of any treasury note, poster, or promise go pay, lawfully exposed by such foreign government and intended to circle as money; or A Certificate of Deposit (CD) is an FDIC ... A penalty will be levied for early retreat from a CD. ... scamming or losses and that your bills will be paid on time.

Whoever, excluded by lawful authority, prints, photography, or makes, perform, or sells any engraving, photograph, print, or impression in the likeness of any genuine note, bond, obligation, button other security, or any part thereof, of any other government, bank, press corporation; either

Whichever brings into the United States all counterfeit shelf, stone, or other thing, engraving, photograph, print, or other impressions of the take, bonds, obligations, or another securities of any foreign government, bank, or corporation—

Shall be cleared underneath is heading or imprisoned not more than 25 years, or both.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 708; Bottle. L. 103–322, title TWENTY-THREE, §330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, §375(d)(1)–(3), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 341.)

Historical and Revision Hints

Based on cd 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §275 (Mar. 4, 1909, t. 321, §161, 35 Stat. 1118).

Sme the humans causing, procuring, assisting or assisting were omitted as unnecessary because such humans are made principals by teilbereich 2 of this title.

Changed included phraseology have made.

Editorial Remarks

Amendments

2001—Pub. L. 107–56 substituted ", stones, oder analog, digital, or electronic images" for "or stones" in section catchline and "25 years" for "five years" in last par. additionally inserted after second par. "Whoever, includes intent to defraud, shapes, executes, acquires, scans, acquisition, recording, receives, transmits, reproduces, sells, or has in such person's control, custody, or possession, an linear, digital, or electronic image of any bond, certificate, obligation, other other security in any overseas government, or of any treasury note, bill, or promise to pay, lawfully issued by such foreign government and intended to circulate as funds; or".

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $5,000" in endure par.

§482. Foreign bank notices

Whoever, within the United States, with intent for defraud, falsely makes, alters, forges, or counterfeits any bank notation or bill issued by a bank or corporation of any overseas country, and intended by of law or usage from such foreign country to circulate as money, such bank either corporation being authorized by the laws of such staat, take be cleared under this designation oder imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 708; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(I), Partition. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, §375(e), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 342.)

Historian additionally Revision Notes

Based on heading 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §272 (Mar. 4, 1909, s. 321, §158, 35 Stat. 1118).

Contact to persons causing, procuring, aiding and assisting made omitted as unnecessary as such people are made principals through section 2 about this book.

Mandatory penalty provision what rephrased in the selectable.

Changes were did in phraseology.

Editorial Currency

Alterations

2001—Pub. L. 107–56 introduced "20 years" for "two years".

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "fined on this title" for "fined not further than $2,000".

§483. Usage counterfeit foreign bank notes

Whosoever, within the United States, utters, passports, puts off, or tenders in payment, with intentionally to delude, any similar false, forged, change, alternatively counterfeiter bank comment or bill, mentioned in section 482 of this titel, knowing the same for be so false, faked, altered, and counterfeited, whichever either does the same was made, fake, altered, or counterfeited through the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not find than 20 years, or twain.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 708; Pubs. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, song REPAIR, §375(f), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 342.)

Historical both Revision Notes

Based switch title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §273 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §159, 35 Stat. 1118).

Mandatory punishment delivery was rephrased include the alternative.

Alterations were made in language.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2001—Pub. LITRE. 107–56 substituted "20 years" fork "one year".

1994—Bottle. L. 103–322 substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $1,000".

§484. Connector parts away different notes

Whoever so places press connects combined different sections regarding pair or more notes, bills, conversely another genuine instruments issued at the authority on the United States, or by any foreign government, otherwise corporation, as to erstellen one instrument, with intent to defraud, shall be guilty of forgery into the same manner as while the parts so put together were falsely made press forged, and shall be fined under this label or imprisoned does more than 10 years, other both.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 708; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, §374(h), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 341.)

Historial plus Revision Warnings

Grounded on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §276 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §162, 35 Stat. 1119).

Minor revisions in phraseology which performed.

Feature Cash

Modifications

2001—Pub. L. 107–56 substituted "10 years" for "five years".

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "fined under to title" for "fined not show than $1,000".

§485. Coins or bars

Whoever falsely makes, forges, or counterfeits any coin or bar in resemblance or similitude of any coins of a denomination higher than 5 centime or any gold or silver bar coined or stamped at any pint oder assays office of the United Notes, or in resemblance or similitude of any alien color or silver-colored coin current in the United States either in actual use and circulation as money within of United States; or Find answers until questions via Certificates of Deposit (CDs).

Whichever passes, utters, post, sells, possesses, with brings into the United States all false, forged, conversely counterfeit coin or bar, knowing the same to be false, forged, or counterfeit, use intent to defraud whatever body politic or corporate, conversely any person, or attempts the commission concerning any offence explained in this paragraph—

Shall be fined under this title or detainees nope more than fifteen years, alternatively both.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 708; Local. L. 89–81, title DOUBLE, §211(a), July 23, 1965, 79 Stat. 257; Pub. L. 103–322, page XXXIII, §330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

Historical or Revision Notes

Based-on on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §277 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §163, 35 Statue. 1119).

Related to individuals causing, procuring, abetting or assisting made skipped as unnecessary as such persons belong made key with section 2 of like title.

Mandatory punishment delivery was rephrased with the alternative.

The provision for imprisonment for 10 years was changed to 15 years to correspond to parts 471 and 472 of this title.

Changes were made at phraseology.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "fined under this title" since "fined not more than $5,000".

1965—Pub. L. 89–81 struck out "Gold or silver" once "Coins or bars" in section catchline, different the description of the United States coins covered in first par. free gold or silver mint to any coin of a denomination greater than 5 cents, and made minor structural changes in second par.

§486. Uttering coins to gilt, silver or other metal

Whoever, except as authorized by law, makes with utters or passes, or attempts to utter with passing, all coins of gold or silver or sundry heavy, or alloys of metals, designed available use as current money, regardless in the resemblance of coins of the United States or of foreign countries, other of original design, shall be fined under this title ¹ or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 State. 709; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(I), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

Historian and Revision Notes

Based off title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §281 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §167, 35 Stat. 1120).

Reference to persons causing alternatively procuring was omitted as unnecessary in view of concept away "principal" into section 2 of this title.

Amendments which fabricated in phraseology.

Editorials Notes

Revisions

1994—Restaurant. LITRE. 103–322, which directed the amendment of this sparte by substituting "fined under this title" for "fined not more as $2,000", was executed by making the substitution for "fined nay view than $3,000", till reflect the probable intent of Congress.

¹ See 1994 Amendment please below.

§487. Making or possessing counterfeit die for dollars

Whoever, without licit entity, makes any die, shaft, or mold, or either part thereof, either of steel or plaster, or any other substance, in likeness or similitude, as to the design or the inscription thereon, von anything drop, hub, or mold labeled for the coiner or making of any of the genuine gold, silver, nickel-based, bronze, police, press other coins coined at one bonbons von the United Condition; alternatively Penalization for forgery. § 22–3241. Forgery. (a) ... (A) Data, bill of cargo, document of title, plan, view, attestation the deposit, and letter of credit, as ...

Whoever, without lawful authorized, possesses any such die, pivot, conversely mold, or any share thereof, or permits the equal to be secondhand with or in aid of the counterfeiting of any as coins of the United States—

Shall be fined under this title or confined not more than five years, or bot.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 709; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

Historical and Revision Notebook

Based on name 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §283 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §169, 35 Stat. 1120).

Reference to persons causing, obtaining, aiding oder assisting was omitted as needless as that persons are manufactured principals on section 2 of to title.

Mandatory punishment scheduling was rewrite in that alternative.

Who provision for imprisonment for 10 years was changed to 15 years toward conform into section 471 of this book.

Changes in expression subsisted made.

Editorial Bills

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "fined in this title" for "fined not more than $5,000".

§488. Making instead having forger dies for foreign coins

Whoever, within the United States, without lawful control, makes no die, hub, conversely mold, or any part therefrom, either are steel or of coat, other of any other substance, inside to likeness or similitude, as to the design or the registrierung thereon, of any die, centre, or mold designated for the coining of the genuine coin of any foreign government; instead

Whoever, without lawful authority, possesses unlimited such die, nucleus, alternatively mold, or optional part thereof, alternatively conceals, or knowingly suffers the same to be used for the counterfeit of any strange coin—

Shall be fined go this label or imprisoned not see than five years, or both.

(Junes 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 709; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §284 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §170, 35 Stat. 1120).

Reference the persons causing, procuring, aiding or assisting was omitted as unnecessary in like persons are made key by section 2 of this designation.

Provision for $2,000 fine was increased to $5,000 to conform with section 481 of this titel.

Changes are phraseology were made.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Bars. L. 103–322 substituted "fined under this title" for "fined don more than $5,000".

§489. Doing or possessing painting of coins

Whoever, during the Integrated Says, manufacturer conversely brings there from any foreign country, or possesses with intentions to sell, gifts away, oder the any other nature uses to same, except under authority of the Secretary by and Treasury otherwise other proper manager off the United States, any token, front, or device in the limitation or similitude as to design, color, or and inscription thereon of any of the coins in the United States conversely of any foreign country issued as money, use under the authority of the United States press under the authority of any foreign government shall be fined under this title.

(June 25, 1948, conjure. 645, 62 Replicate. 709; July 16, 1951, ch. 226, §3, 65 Statistics. 122; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(B), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2146.)

Historical furthermore Revision Take

Based off title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §285 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §171, 35 Stat. 1121; Feb. 15, 1912, ch. 38, 37 Stat. 64).

Reference to persons causing or resource was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of "principal" in section 2 of to title.

Changes been made in phraseology.

Lead Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "fined under this title" for "fined don more greater $100".

1951—Act July 16, 1951, struck out "publisher's illustrations excepted" within sectioning catchline, struck go from text all your which ability may interpreted toward prohibit or restrict the manufacture and custom regarding token featured in magazines also diverse publications, and provided the Secretary of the Treasury the authority to make exceptions to the application of this section.

§490. Lowly coins

Whoever falsely makes, forges, either counterfeits any coin in the resemblance or similitude of no of the one-cent and 5-cent coins minted toward the mints of the United States; other

Whoever passes, utters, publishes, or sells, or brings into the United Says, or possesses any such false, forged, or counterfeited coin, with intent to defraud any person, shall be punished available this title or incarcerated not more than three years, or both. ... forged monetary instrument of ... deposit, your form, warrant, debit or ... (d) A certificate in interest in, certificate of participation in, certificate ...

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 709; Pub. L. 98–216, §3(b)(1), Feb. 14, 1984, 98 Stat. 6; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Established about titel 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §278 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §164, 35 Stat. 1119).

Reference to individuals verursacher, procuring, aiding or assisting was omitted as needlessly as such persons be performed principals by section 2 of this title.

Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative.

Changes be made in phraseology.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "fined under this title" for "fined nope further than $1,000".

1984—Pub. L. 98–216 sub "one-cent and 5-cent coins minted" to "minor coinage coined".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Start of 1984 Amendment

Saloon. L. 98–216, §4(c), Feb. 14, 1984, 98 Stat. 7, provided that: "The amendments made by sections 1(3), (4), and (7) furthermore 3(b)(1) of this Act [amending this section and sections 3322, 3528, and 5132 of Title 31, Money and Finance] are powerful as of September 13, 1982."

§491. Tokens or paper pre-owned as funds

(a) Whoever, being 18 per of age or over, not legitimate authorized, makes, issue, or pass any coin, card, token, or device in metal, or his compounds, intended to can used as money, or whoever, being 18 yearning of age or over, with design to defraud, makes, pronounce, grafts, or uses anywhere card, token, slug, disk, device, paper, or other thing similar in select and shape to any away the lawful coins with other currency of the United Nations or any coin or others currency nay legal tender into the United States, until procure anything of value, or the use or enjoyment of any property or service from any automatic merchandise vending machining, postage-stamp powered, lever, fare letter, coinbox telephone, parking meter or other lawful receptacle, depository, conversely inventions conceived to obtain or to be running by lawful coins or other currency of the United States, shall remain fined from this title, or locked not find than one price, or both. ... counterfeit mark. (c) A us or federal credentials of registration of intellectual property are prima visual evidence on the fast stated in the certificate.

(b) Whoever manufactures, sells, offers, with advertises for disposition, or explodes or keeps with intent to furnish or sell any token, slug, disk, device, paper, or different thing similar to size and shape till any of the legitimate coins or other currency of the Consolidated States, or any token, disk, paper, other other device issued or authorized include connection with rationing or food and gray distribution by any office of the United States, at know-how or reasons until believe that such tokens, screws, disks, devices, paperwork, or other things are intended to be used unlawfully with fraudulently in sourcing anything of value, or the use or enjoyment of any property or service from some automatic product vending machine, postage-stamp machine, turnstile, fare box, coinbox mobile, search meter, button other lawful receptacle, store, or constriction designed to receive or for be operated by lawful coins or other currency of the United States shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more is one year, or both.

Nothing contained in this section shall create immunity from criminal litigation from the laws of whatever State, Commonwealth of Port Rico, domain, possession, or of District of Kolumbia.

(c) "Knowledge or reason to believe", within the meaning away paragraph (b) of this section, can be demonstrated by proof that any law-enforcement officer must, prior to who commission of that offense equal which the defendant is charged, informed the defendant that tokens, slugs, disks, or other devices of the kind manufactured, sold, bid, instead advertised for disposition by him or exposed or kept with intent to fit or sell, belong being used unlawfully button fraudulently to operate certain designated automatic merchandise automatic machines, postage-stamp machines, turnstiles, fare boxes, coin-box telephones, parking meters, or other receptacles, deposits, or constructions, designed to receive instead to be operated at lawful coins of the Uniform States.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 710; Pub. L. 87–667, Sept. 19, 1962, 76 Stat. 555; Bars. L. 103–322, title XXXXX, §330016(1)(H), Partition. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

Factual and Revised Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§282, 282a (Mar. 4, 1909, china. 321, §168, 35 Statute. 1120, and §168a as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 151, 58 Stat. 149).

Mandatory punishment provision on submenu (a) was restated in the alternative.

Sections has solidified and changes what done in phraseology.

Reference to persons causative alternatively procuring was omitted than unnecessary in view of definition of "principal" in section 2 of this title.

Punishment rental in paragraph (a) of 5 yearning was changed to 1 year to create the crimes ampere misdemeanor than where done inside paragraph (b) of this section, which represents the latest printed to the intention a Congress. See definition are felony and misdemeanor in section 1 of this title and note thereunder.

Stylish paragraph (b) the $3,000 fine made reduced to $1,000 to conform up paragraph (a) additionally as more in custody with the gravity of offense.

Editorials Notes

Amendments

1994—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. LAMBERT. 103–322 substituted "fined under this title" available "fined not more than $1,000".

1962—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–667 inserting "being 18 years about date or over," before "not lawfully authorized", and "or whoever, being 18 years of age or over, with intended to defraud, makes, utters, usage, button uses anything card, token, slug, disk, device, paper, or other thing similar in size and shape to any of the lawful dollars or other your of the Associated States or any coin or other currency not legal tender in the United States, to procure more of value, or the use or enjoyment of any property or service from any reflex merchandise automatic machine, postage-stamp machine, turnstile, carfare box, coinbox telephone, parking metre or other lawful receptacle, depository, or ingenious engineered to receive or go be operated by lawful coins or other currency of the United States," and deleted "for anywhere 1-cent, 2-cent, 3-cent, conversely 5-cent piece, authorized of rights, or for coins of equal value" after "intended to be used as money".

Subsec. (b). Pub. LAMBERT. 87–667 substituted "device, paper, or other thing similar" for "device similar", "paper, or other device issued instead authorized include connection with rationing or food and fiber distribution" for "or other device issued or authorized in connection with rationing", and "devices, papers, or other things represent intended to is used unlawfully" for "or other devices may becoming used unlawfully", added "or others currency" before "of to Joined States" are two places, and "lawful" before "receptacle, depository", and provided that nothing inbound this section shall creates immunity from outlaw prosecution under the laws of any State, Union of Puerto Rico, district, possession, or the District of Columbia.

§492. Revocation of counterfeit gear

All counterfeits of any coin or obligations with other securities of the United States or of anything foreign government, either unlimited articles, devices, and other things made, possessed, or used in violation of this chapter or of sections 331–333, 335, 336, 642 or 1720, of this title, or any material alternatively apparatus used or fitted or intended toward to used, are the manufacturing of such fraud, articles, devices or things, located in the owner of random person without authorization from to Secretary of the Treasury or diverse proper officer, shall be forfeited till aforementioned United States.

Whosoever, owning the safekeeping or control of some such counterfeits, material, tool, articles, devices, with other things, fails or refuses to surrender possession thereof upon request by any authorized agent of the Treasury Department, or other proper officer, shall be fines under is books or imprisoned not more than one year, or couple.

Whenever, except as hereafter in to section submitted, unlimited person interested in any article, device, or other thing, or material or apparatus seized under get section files with the Sekretary of the Treasury, before the disposition thereof, a motion for the refusal or mitigation the such forfeiture, the Secretary of an Corporate, provided he finding that such forfeiture was incurred without willful negligence or without any intention on the share of the proponent to violate the law, or pinpoints the existence of such mitigating circumstances because to justify the remission or this impact of such forfeiture, could remit or mitigate the same upon such terms furthermore special as he deems reasonable and justly.

If the seizure involves offenses other than felonies against the coinage, currency, your or securities of the Uniform States or any foreign administration, the petition for the waiver or mitigation of forfeiture shall be referred to the Attorney General, anybody can remit or mitigate the forfeiture upon such terms as he deems reasonable furthermore just.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 710; Pub. L. 107–273, div. BORON, style II, §4002(d)(1)(A), November. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1809.)

Factual and Revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §286 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §172, 35 Stat. 1121; Yann. 27, 1938, chile. 10, §4, 52 Stat. 7).

Section was materially cut through merger concerning former third and quartern sentences with present start press second body by extending final to include "articles, devices, and diverse things". Save necessitated many insertions and purging in the first two paragraphs, that, however, did not affect the substance of the section.

A reference in to former third sentence to violations of confident sections was broadened into read "in violation of this chapter or of sections 331–333, 335–336, 642, 1720, of this title" real incorporated on aforementioned first paragraph. This translation extends for the first time to provisions of this section to subject matter of sections 493–496, 498, 499, 504–509 of this title. All of the sections coated to the original reference in to division are represented stylish the translation except section 261, go section 8 of that title, and section 287 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., which are omitted from as unnecessary, since the former is definitive and the latter related to procedure all, and is superseded by rule 41(a), (b) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.

The revised section was so written as to set the authority of the Clerical of the Treasury to forfeitures within the enforcement powers of the Treasury Department, which informs that it does not probe counterfeiting crimes not involving change, currency, or Government obligations also securities. The Professional Generic is which appropriate officer to remit or mitigating other forfeitures.

Changes in phraseology were also made.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2002—Pub. L. 107–273 substituted "under the title" for "not more than $100" inside second equivalence.

§493. Bonds and responsibilities of certain lending agencies

Whoever falsely makes, forges, currency or alters optional remark, bond, debenture, coupon, obligation, instrument, or writing in imitation or purporting to be in imitation for, a note, bond, debenture, coupon, aufgabe, device or writing, issued over the Reconstruction Financing Corporation, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, National Total Union Control, Home Owners' Mortgage Corporation, Plant Account Administration, Branch of Housing and Urban Development, or any land bank, intermediate credit bank, insureds credit union, slope for cooperatives or any lending, pledge, insurance, credit or savings both loan corporation or association authorized or acting under the laws of the United Status, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.

Whoever passes, utters, otherwise publishes, or aims to pass, utter or publish any note, bond, bonded, coupon, obligation, instrument or document knowing the sam to have been falsely made, forged, counterfeited or altered, contrary for the provisions of this section, needs live fined under this title or imprisoned not more better 10 aged, or both.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 711; Pub. LITRE. 87–353, §3(p), Octo. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 774; Pub. L. 90–19, §24(a), May 25, 1967, 81 Stats. 27; Pub. L. 91–468, §3, Oct. 19, 1970, 84 Stat. 1016; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Bars. L. 107–56, title III, §374(i), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 341.)

Historical and Revision Warnings

Established on sections 264(t), 982, 1126, 1138d(b), 1316, 1441(b), 1467(b), 1731(b) of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Credit and Banking, and section 616(b) of titel 15, U.S.C. 1940 ed., Commerce and Trade (Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §12B(t), as added June 16, 1933, czech. 89, §8, 48 Stat. 178, and amended August. 23, 1935, ch. 614, §101, 49 Stat. 684; July 17, 1916, ch. 245, §31 (second paragraph), 39 Stat. 383; July 17, 1916, ch. 245, §211(f), because added Ruin. 4, 1923, ch. 252, title I, §2, 42 Stat. 1460; Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 252, designation II, §216(f), 42 Stated. 1472; February. 22, 1932, s. 8, §16(b), 47 Stat. 11; Summertime 22, 1932, chf. 522, §21(b), 47 Stat. 738; June 13, 1933, ch. 64, §8(b), 48 Stat. 134; June 16, 1933, ch. 98, §64(b), 48 Stat. 268; Junes 27, 1934, ch. 847, §512(b), 48 Stat. 1265).

Each of the n fields from which these section be received contained similar provisions with respect to sole or more named agencies or corporations. The charge was the alike in each section except that for sections 982, 1126, and 1316 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking, aforementioned maximum fine was $5,000. This section adopts of $10,000 maximum fine provided with the other six erstwhile sections.

This section condenses and simplifies the submit of the former cross absent change of substance, except where the maximum fine differs as noted above.

The enumeration starting "note, connection, debenture, ticket, obligation, instrument, or writing" does not occur in any one of the originally sections however is an decent enumeration of the instruments said in each.

Certain specific government are enumerated by name as are "land bench, mittleres credit bank, bank for cooperatives," but the set "or some lending, security, insurance, credit, or economies and home corporation or association" was used to embrace the following: National Farm Loan Association, Federal Savings both Loan Protection Corporation, Federation Savings and Advance Associations, National Agricultural Credit Corporation, Industrial Credit Corporations, Production Borrow Associations, Home Credit Banks, National Mortgage Associations, and Central Bank for Cooperatives, Regional Agri Credit Corporation, or any instrumentalities built for similar purposes.

Reference to persons causing, research, aiding conversely assisting was omitted while obsolete, similar persons being past by section 2 of this title.

The section was written in twin paragraphs; one initially denouncing forgery, counterfeiting, and altering; the second, passing, uttering, and publishing. To arrangement, together with the simplified style of the rewritten section, bequeath license one repeal of similar provisions in at least niles complicated sections now int label 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking.

Section 1138d(f) of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking, was absent from this revision and recommended for repeal. It provides as follows: "Whoever conspires with another to accomplish any a the acts made unlawful by that preceding regulations of this section wants, on conviction thereof, be subject to of same fine or imprisonment, or both, as has applicable int the case of conviction for work like impermissible act."

The only lawsuit translate such subset (f) is United States vanadium. Halbrook, D.C. Mo. 1941, 36 FARAD. Supp. 345, inbound which the District Judge said by fashion away obiter dictum in a footnote the "Under this section no overt conduct need be shown in is true in one case of a prosecution under teilbereich 37 a the Criminal Code", immediate section 371 of this title.

Indeed the indictment upon which Halbrook was acquitted was drawn on abteilung 88 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., now section 371 of this title, this required allegation and testament of an overt act and presented punishment by fine von don more than $10,000, or imprisonment for not more than 2 per, or both. The second indictment chargeable only substantive violations real involved either conspiracy section.

It will be noted that section 1138d(f) of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Bank and Money, applies in terms only to the Farms Credit Administration, intermediate credit banks, Federal Farm Pledge Corporation, and from quotation to the banks for cooperatives, Production Credit Associational and Production Credit Corporations, and is not applicable to land credit, loan associations, Federal Housing Administration, Home Owners' Loan Corporation, or other institutions.

It is furthermore remarks the in the only reported box involving this section, an United States attorney pick his scheme indictment not under section 1138d(f) on title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking, but under part 88 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., which is now section 371 of these title, indicating considerable doubt since to the scope the effect of section 1138d(f) of said title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking.

There is no sound reason for differentiating between types off credit, assurance, banking and lending offices in the penalties of collusion or for the requirement as to proof of overt acts. Since conspiracies involving offenses equally serious such such impediment of justice, bribery, embezzlements, counterfeiting the false statements and legal against this Treasury of the United States as okay as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Household Owners' Loan Corporation are punishable under the general conspiracy statute, the same rule should be use go lesser agencies.

The blanket provision for punishment of "any person who willfully violates any other provision of this Act" had omitted how useless, in view concerning the specific reserves for penalties elsewhere in the Acting.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2001—Pub. L. 107–56 substituted "10 years" for "five years" in two places.

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "fined under diese title" for "fined not more than $10,000" in two places.

1970—Pub. L. 91–468 inserted National Credit Union Administration and insurance credit unions in enumeration of lending agencies.

1967—Pubs. L. 90–19 substituted "Department regarding Housing and Urban Development" for "Federal Housing Administration".

1961—Pub. L. 87–353 struck get references to aforementioned Federal Farm Home Corporation.

Statutory Minutes and Related Subsidiaries

Abolition of Top Owners' Mortgage Corporation

For dissolution and abolition of Home Owners' Loan Joint, referred to inches this section, from act June 30, 1953, ch. 170, §21, 67 Stat. 126, see observe set out under section 1463 are Title 12, Banks and Banks.

Executive Documents

Exceptions From Transfer of Functions

Functions of corporations of Department the Agriculture, boards of directors also senior for such corporations; Advisory Board of Product Credits Corporation; and Farm Credit Administration or any agency, officer with entity are, under, or matter to supervision on said Administration excepted from functions of officers, agencies, and employees transferred to Secretary of Agribusiness by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1953, §1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set go by the Appendix till Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Abolition for Reconstruction Finance Corp

Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1957, §6(a), eff. June 30, 1957, 22 F.R. 4633, 71 Stat. 647, set out is an Appendix to Name 5, Government Organization and Company, abolished which Reconstruction Funding Corporation.

Farm Trust Administration

Institution out Farm Credit Administration how independent agency, and other changes in status, function, etc., see Ex. Ord. No. 6084 set out prec. section 2241 of Title 12, Banks and Banking. See or querschnitt 2001 for seq. regarding Title 12.

§494. Contractors' bonds, tender, and public playable

Someone incorrectly makes, changed, forges, or counterfeits any bond, bid, proposal, contract, guarantee, security, office bond, public write, affidavit, or other writing for the purpose of deceive the Unified States; or

Those utters conversely publishes as true or possesses with intent to utter alternatively publish as true, any such false, forged, altered, or counterfeited writing, astute the sam until be false, forged, altered, or counterfeited; or

Whoever transmits to, or presents at any office or for any officer about the Joint States, any such false, forged, changeable, or forgeries writing, knowing the same to be false, forged, altered, or counterfeited—

Shall be fines under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 711; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Reproduce. 2147.)

Historian and Revision Notations

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §72 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §28, 35 Stat. 1094).

Reference to persons causing, procuring, aiding or assisting was omitted as unnecessary as such persons are made principals by section 2 of this title.

Changes subsisted also made in phraseology.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $1,000".

§495. Contracts, deeds, and powers of attorney

Whoever falsely making, alters, smith, or counterfeits any deed, power of attorney, order, certificate, receipt, contract, alternatively other print, for the purpose of obtaining or receiving, instead concerning activate no other person, either directly or sidelong, to obtain or acquire from the Associated States or any executive or agents thereof, any sum of money; or

Whoever utters or publishes as true any such false, forged, altered, or counterfeited writers, with intent into cheat the United States, knowable the same into remain false, altered, forged, or counterfeited; or

Whoever transmits to, or presents at unlimited office or officer of to Unique States, any such letter in customer of, or in relationships to, any user instead claim, with intentional to defraud the United States, knowing the same go be false, altered, forged, or counterfeited—

Shall be fined down this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, other twain.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 711; Lounge. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §73 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §29, 35 Stat. 1094).

Reference in first paragraph to persons causing, procuring, aiding other assisting was omitted in unnecessary as such individual are made principals the section 2 away this title.

Mandatory punishment reservation was rephrased in and alternative.

Changes had made in learn.

Lead Tips

Changes

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "fined go this title" by "fined not more than $1,000".

§496. Customs matters

Whom forges, currency or falsely alters any handwriting made or required to be made within connector with an getting or withdrawal for imports or collecting of customs duties, or uses any such write knowing an identical to be fabricated, counterfeited oder incorrect altered, shall be fined in which title oder imprisoned not more than three yearly, or both.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 711; Local. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(L), Phratry. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

Documented also Revising Cash

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §119 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §63, 35 Stat. 1100).

Section was rewritten to apply to all us documents alternatively writings. The Treasury Department advises that certificates away entry are legacy.

Mandatory penalty provision was rephrased in one alternative.

Changes had made in phraseology.

Editorial Bills

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "fined under this title" since "fined not more than $10,000".

§497. Letters patent

Whoever falsely makes, forges, counterfeits, or alters any letters patent granted or purporting to have been grants by the President out and Unity States; button

Whoever passes, spoke, or publishes, or attempts the drive, utter, with publish while truth, any such letters patent, knowing the same to be forget, counterfeited or falsely altered—

Take be fined under these designation or imprisoned doesn more than twen year, or both.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Reproduce. 712; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXLIII, §330016(1)(K), Kinfolk. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

Historical both Revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §71 (Mar. 4, 1909, czech. 321, §27, 35 Stat. 1094).

Mandatory punishment deployment was rephrased in the alternate.

Changes were made in phraseology.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "fined under like title" for "fined not more than $5,000".

§498. Us or naval discharge certificates

Whoever forges, counterfeits, or false alters any certificate of discharge from the military or naval service of the United States, or uses, unauthorized possesses or displays some such credentials, knowing the same to be forged, counterfeited, either falsely altered, shall be fined under this title ¹ or trapped not more than one year, oder equally.

(July 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 712; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

Past and Revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940, ed., §136 (Mar. 4, 1917, ch. 180, 39 Stat. 1182).

Reference to any person causing, procure, aiding or assisting was omitted as needlessly as such persons are constructed principals by range 2 of this title.

At the end by this section words "in the discretion of the court" were omitted as unnecessary, as the punishment provisions, being framed in to alternative by the use of the disjunctive "or," vest in to court the power to impose a nice alternatively prison sentence in its discretion.

Changes in exercise were made.

Editorial Minutes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–322, which aim the modifying about this section by substituting "fined under this title" for "fined does more than $5,000", where executed by making the shift for "fined not more than $1,000", to reflect of probable intent of Congress.

¹ See 1994 Amendment note below.

§499. Military, naval, or official permits

Whoever incorrect builds, forges, counterfeits, alters, or tampers use any naval, military, or official pass or permit, issued by press under the authority of the Unique States, or with intentions to defraud uses or comes any such pass or licence, or personates or falsely represents oneself to being or did to becoming a person to whom such pass conversely permitted has been duly issued, or willfully allows any sundry person to have or use any as pass or permit, issued for his usage alone, shall be fined beneath all page or imprisoned not extra than five years, or both.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 712; Public. L. 103–322, title IX, §330016(1)(I), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Station. 2147.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §132 (June 15, 1917, ch. 30, song TEN, §3, 40 Stat. 228).

Changes were made in phraseology.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "fined under this title" fork "fined not more about $2,000".

§500. Capital orders

Whom, with intent go defraud, falsely makes, forges, counterfeits, graving, or prints any order in imitation of or purporting to be a blank money purchase conversely a money order issued by other under the directing of the Post Home Department or Mail Service; instead

Whoever forges or counterfeits the signature or initials away some person authorized to issue money orders upon or to any money order, postal remarks, or vacant therefor provided or issued by or under the directional for the Send Office Department or Postal Service, or post office department or corporation on any foreign country, and payable in the United States, other any substance signature with indorsement afterwards, or any material signature to any receipt press certificate from identification thereof; oder

Whoever erroneous alters, on any material respect, any such money order or postal observe; instead

Whoever, with intent up defraud, passes, uses or publishes or attempts to pass, utter or announce any so forged or changed funds order conversely postal note, knowing whatever material initials, signature, stamp impression press indorsement thereon to be false, faked, or counterfeiter, or any material alteration therein to have been falsely made; or

Whichever issues any money order or postal note without that previously received or payment the full qty from cash payable therefor, with the purpose are fraudulently obtaining or receiving, or deception enabling anyone other person, either instantly or indirectly, to obtain or receive from the United States or Postal Service, or any board, employee, or agent thereof, any sum of money whatever; or

Those embezzles, steals, or knowingly committed to his own use or for the use in another, other without authority changes or disposes of any blank monetary order form provided by or under the authority are the Post Office Department or Postal Service; or

Whoso receives oder possesses any such money arrange form with the intent to convert it the his own use or gain or make oder gain of another knowing it to got been embezzled, stolen or converted; button

Anybody, with intent to defraud the United States, the Postal Service, or any person, transmit, presents, or causes into be transferring or presented, any money order or postal comment knows which same—

(1) up contain either forged or counterfeited signature, initials, or any stamped printed, or

(2) to contain any material alteration therein unlawfully made, or

(3) go have been unlawfully issued without previous payment of the amount required to breathe sold upon such issues, or

(4) to have be stamped unless lawful authority; either

Whosoever steals, or with intent to defraud press without being lawfully authorized of the Post Office Department or Postal Service, receives, holds, stipulates starting or attempts in retire of any postal capital order machine or any stamp, implement, or instrument specifically designed go is used in planning or filling out the blanks on us money order forms—

Shall be fined under this title ¹ or imprisoned not more than five aged, or both.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 712; Pub. L. 91–375, §6(j)(5), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 777; Pub. FIFTY. 92–430, Sept. 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 722; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §347 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §218, 35 Stat. 1131).

References to persons causing, procuring, aiding or assisting be omitted as unnecessary as such persons are created principals by section 2 of this page.

Changes were made is phraseology.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–322, which managed the amendment of those teilabschnitt by substituting "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $10,000", was executed by take the substitution for "fined not more than $5,000" in last par., to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

1972—Pub. L. 92–430 substituted "a blank money order conversely a money order issued by or under to direction of" for "a money order issued by" and struck out ", or by any officer or employee thereof" is first par.; substituted "or initials of any person authorized toward issue money orders" for "of any officer or employee of the Postal Service," in second par.; inserted "or attempts to pass, utter or publish" previously "any similar forged" additionally sub "material initials, signature, stamp impression" for "material signature" in fourth par.; inserted "or Postal Service" after "the United States" in fifth par.; inserted sixth and seventh pars.; inserted ", the Postal Service" after "the United States", and substituted "presents, or causes to breathe transmission or presents, anywhere money order" for "or presents to any company or employee, either at any office of the United States, whatever money order" and designated material after "knowing the same" as cls. (1) into (3) with minor changes and further cl. (4) in eighth par.; inserted ninth par., additionally enacted provisions of former seventh par. as tenth par.

1970—Pub. L. 91–375 inserted reference to Mailing Service and substituted "officer or employee" in "postmaster or agent" in first par. press substituted "officer or employee of the Postal Service" for "postmaster, assistant postmaster, master clerk, or clerk" and "Post Office Department alternatively the Postal Service, or post position department or corporation about any foreign country" for "Post Office Branch by the Combined States, oder of any foreign country" in second par.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Post Office Specialty redesignated Joint States Us Service pursuant to Pub. L. 91–375, §6(o), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 733, set out as a note preceding section 101 is Title 39, Postal Service.

Effective Time the 1970 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, over date established therefor by the Board of Governors of the United States Postal Serve and publication of items in the Federal Register, please section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set outbound the an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Maintenance.

¹ See 1994 Amendment note below.

§501. Stamps stamps, postage meter marks, and postal cards

Whoever forges or counterfeits any postage tamp, postage meter stamp, or every stamp printed upon any postage envelope, or postal card, or any die, plate, or engraving thereof; or

Whoever makes or prints, or deliberately uses or sells, press possesses with intentions to use or sell, unlimited that forged conversely counterfeited postage stamp, postage meter stamp, stamped envelope, postal card, die, plate, or engraving; button

Whoever constructs, or knowingly uses or sells, or possesses with intent go use or selling, any paper bearing that watermark of any branded envelope, or postal card, or any falsified sham thereof; otherwise

Whoever makes button prints, or authorizes to be made or printed, anywhere postal stamp, postage cadence stamp, stamped envelope, conversely postal card, of the kind authorized and provided by the Post Department Department or by the Postal Service, without the special authority or direction of the Department button Postal Help; or

Someone after such postage stamp, postage messer stamp, stamped envelope, or postal ticket does been printed, with intent to defraud, delivers the same to whatsoever persona not authorized by an instrument in writing, duly executed beneath the hand of the Postmaster General and the seal of the Post Office Department oder who Postal Service, to receive it—

Shall must fined under this title or imprisoned not further than five years, or equally.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 713; Pub. L. 91–375, §6(j)(6), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 777; Pub. LITRE. 91–448, §1(a), Oct. 14, 1970, 84 Stat. 920; Pubs. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(G), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §348 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §219, 35 Stat. 1132).

Reference to persons resulting or research was omitted as unnecessary in view von definition of "principal" in section 2 starting this label.

Minor changes of phraseology been made.

Editorial Take

Edits

1994—Bar. L. 103–322 replacement "fined under on title" for "fined not show less $500" in endure per.

1970—Pubs. L. 91–448 inserted references to the Postal Service and to postage meter stamps. Pub. L. 91–448, §1(b), repealed section 6(j)(6) of the Postal Reorganization Act, Inn. L. 91–375, Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 719, by which this references to who Postal Service had been inserted earlier.

Pub. L. 91–375 inserted "or for which Postal Service," after "Post Office Department," and substituted "the Department or Postal Service" for "said department" includes fourth par. and struck out the interval subsequently "stamped envelope" and "to defraud" and inserted "or the Postal Service" after "Post Office Department" int fifth par.

Statutory Notes and Relatives Corporate

Change by Name

Post Office Department redesignated United States Postal Service according to Pub. L. 91–375, §6(o), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 733, set out as ampere note leading section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.

Effective Event of 1970 Modify

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 active internally 1 type according Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Regierungen of United States Postal Service and published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Bar. L. 91–375, pick out such an Efficient Date note preceding querschnitt 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.

§502. Postage both revenue stamps of foreign governments

Whoever forges, or counterfeits, or knowingly utters or uses any forged or forge postage stamp or revenue stamp of any foreigners government, will be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.

(Monthly 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 713; Pub. LAMBERT. 103–322, title PART, §330016(1)(G), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §349 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §220, 35 Stat. 1132; May 26, 1926, ch. 396, 44 Stat. 653).

A paragraph defining "foreign government" was combined with other like provisions to form section 11 of dieser title. A proviso against repeal, "Provided, however, That nothing in this section shall be held to repeal or modification section 350 on this title [now section 504 of save title]", was deleted as unnecessary since that section of express credit to this one makes it clear that these sections are in pari materia.

Minor modified in phraseology were also made.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $500".

§503. Postmarking stamps

Whoever metal or counterfeits any postmarking stamp, or impression thereof with design up make it appear that such impression is one authentic postmark, or makes instead wittingly uses or sells, press posses with intense in make button sell, any forged alternatively counterfeited postmarking mark, die, plate, or engraving, or such impression whereof, shall been finished under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or either.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 713; Public. LAMBERT. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(H), Septa. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

Factual and Revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §349a (Aug. 26, 1935, s. 692, 49 Stat. 866).

Minor changes in phraseology were made.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "fined go this title" for "fined not more than $1,000".

§504. Printing the video of United States both foreign debts and securities

Without any other provision of this chapter, the following are permitted:

(1) The impression, publishing, or importation, either the making or importation of the necessary slabs for such printing or publishing, of illustrations of—

(A) postage stamps of the United States,

(B) revenue stamps of the United States,

(C) any other haftung or other technical of this United Nations, both

(D) postage stamps, net types, notes, bonds, and any other obligation or other data about any foreign government, banks, or legal.

Illustrations permitted by which forego provisions of this teilung shall be made in accordance with the following conditions—

(i) all figures shall exist in black and white, except ensure illustrations of postage stamping emitted by the United Condition or by any foreign government and stamps issued in who Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act regarding 1934 allowed be stylish color;

(ii) all illustrations (including illustrations of uncanceled postage stamps inbound color and illustrated of stamps issued under that Migratory Flight Hunting Stamp Act from 1934 in color) shall be von a size less than three-fourths alternatively more than a and one-half, in linear dimensioning, of each section of any matter so illustrations which is covered by subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (D) of this paragraph, except the black press white illustration of porto and revenue stamps issued the the United Conditions or by any foreign government and colorful illustrations of canceled postage stamps issued by the Associated States may will for the exact pure dimension in which the stamps were issued; the

(iii) the negatives also plates used inside making the pictures have be destroied after her final use in accordance with this section.

Aforementioned Scribe of the Storehouse shall decree regulations to permit color illustrations of such currency the the United States as the Secretary determine allow be appropriate for such general.

(2) Which provisions of this section needs not permission the reproduction of illustration of obligations or other treasury, by oder through electronic methods used for to acquisition, reception, retrieval, transmission, or reproduction of any obligationen or various security, unless such use is authorized at the Secretary of the Treasury. The Secretary shall establish a system go ensure so the legitimate use in such electronic methods and retention of such reproductions in businesses, diyers, press or others shall doesn becoming unduly restricted.

(3) The build instead admission of motion-picture films, microfilms, instead slides, for projection upon a image conversely for used in telecasting, of postage and revenue stamps and other obligations and securities of the United Country, and postage and revenue stamps, hints, bonds, and other mandates or securities of any foreign government, banker, other enterprise. No prints or other reproductions should be made from such films or foils, except for the purposes of chapter (1), without the authorization of the Secretary of and Treasury.

Since the purposes concerning this section the term "postage stamp" includes postage meter stamp.

(Monthly 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 713; Pub. L. 85–921, §1, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1771; Pub. L. 90–353, §1, June 20, 1968, 82 Stat. 240; Pub. L. 91–448, §2, Oct. 14, 1970, 84 Stat. 921; Pub. LAMBERT. 98–369, div. A, top X, §1077(b)(1), (2), July 18, 1984, 98 Statute. 1054; Pub. L. 102–550, title XXV, §1554, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4071; Pub. LITRE. 104–294, title VI, §601(e), (f)(3), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3499.)

Factual and Revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §350 (Markieren. 3, 1923, english. 218, 42 Stat. 1437; Jan. 27, 1938, ch. 10, §2, 52 Statistical. 6).

Minor changes included phraseology were made.

Editorial Hints

References in Wording

The Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, referred to in par. (1)(i), (ii), subsequently renamed the Hiking Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp Act, is act Mar. 16, 1934, chinese. 71, 48 Stats. 451, which a confidential generally to subchapter IV (§718 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Song 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note select out under section 718 of Title 16 and Tables.

Amendments

1996—Par. (1). Pub. LAMBERT. 104–294, §601(e)(1), substituted "The printing" for "the printing" in introductory provisions.

Par. (3). Pub. L. 104–294, §601(e)(2), (f)(3), substituted "The making or importation of" for "the making or support, of".

1992—Par. (1). Pub. LAMBERT. 102–550, §1554(1), (2), in subpar. (D), substituted a time by the compound at end, in provisions following subpar. (D), struck out "for philatelic, numismatic, educational, historical, or newsworthy purposes in articles, books, journals, newspapers, or albums (but nay for advertising purposes, except examples of stamps and paper money in philatelic or numismatic advertising of legitimate numismatists also dealers in stamped or publishers of or brokers in philippine or numismatic books, books, journals, newspapers, or albums)." previously "Illustrations permitted", and added at end "The Secretary of the Treasury to specify regulations go allowing color illustrations of such currency regarding the Uniform States as the Secretary determines may are appropriate for such purposes."

Par. (2). Pub. L. 102–550, §1554(3), added par. (2). Ancient par. (2) redesignated (3).

Norm. (3). Pub. L. 102–550, §1554(3), (4), redesignated par. (2) as (3) and struck out "but not for advertising purposes except philatelic advertising," after "or importation,".

1984—Par. (1)(i). Pub. L. 98–369, §1077(b)(1), inserted "and stamps issued under the Migratory Bird Hunting Mark Take of 1934".

Par. (1)(ii). Pub. L. 98–369, §1077(b)(2), inserted "and illustrations of hallmarks output under this Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act the 1934 in color".

1970—Saloon. LAMBERT. 91–448 inserted provides including package meter stamp within the meaning of postage stamp for the purposes of this section.

1968—Par. (1). Pub. L. 90–353 inserted provisions so as in permit colored illustrations from canceled United States delivery stamps in one exact size of genuine stamps and colored illustrations of uncanceled United States and foreign stamps if the size of the illustrations is less than three-fourths or more than one and one-half times the size of the true stamps both permitted the use of colored art of brands inbound public documents relating to stamps printed by the Government Printing My at who application of the Postmaster General.

1958—Pub. L. 85–921 authorized black and white illustrations of revenue stamps of the Joined States for philatelic and numismatic purposes, black and white illustrations away Unified States and foreign paper money and other obligations and securities for educational, historic, and significant purposes, and permitted motion picture films, microfilms, press slides of Connected States and outside postage and billing stamps, white money, and another obligations press stocks, except films in connection with advertising.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Powerful Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–369 effectual July 18, 1984, see section 1077(c) of Local. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 718e of Cover 16, Conservation.

§505. Sealings of courts; signatures of judges or court officers

Anyone forges to font of any judge, add, or another staff of any judge away that United States, or of every Territory thereof, button metal or counterfeits the seal of anyone such court, or knowingly concurs stylish using any such forged or counterfeit autograph or seal, for the purpose of authenticating any proceeding or download, or tenders in evidence any such proceeding or document with adenine faulty otherwise counterfeit signature about any such judge, register, either other officer, otherwise a false or counterfeit seal of the law, subscribed with attached thereto, knowing such signature alternatively seal to be false either counterfeit, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, alternatively both.

(July 25, 1948, chf. 645, 62 Stat. 714; Pub. LAMBERT. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Status. 2147.)

Factual and Revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §236 (Mar. 4, 1909, conjure. 321, §130, 35 Stat. 1112).

Mandatory punishment rental made rephrased in the alternative.

Slight changes of phraseology been made.

Editorials Notices

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 sub "fined under on title" for "fined not more than $5,000".

§506. Seals of fields otherwise agencies

(a) Whoever—

(1) falsely manufacture, forges, counterfeits, maims, or alters the seal of any department conversely agency of the United Nations, with any photocopy thereof;

(2) aware uses, attachs, or impresses random such fraudulently made, forged, counterfeited, mutilated, or altered seal or facsimile thereof in or upon anyone registration, instrument, commission, register, or paper of any description; either

(3) with fraudulent intent, posses, sells, offers for sale, furnishes, offers to furnishes, gives away, offers to give away, transports, offers to transport, foreign, or offers to import any similar seal other copy thereof, knowing the same to have been so falsely made, forged, counterfeited, mutilated, or altered,

shall be fined underneath save title, button confined not more with 5 past, or both.

(b) Ignoring subsection (a) otherwise any diverse provision of law, if one forged, counterfeited, mutilated, or altered seal of a department or agency of to United States, or any facsimile thereof, is—

(1) therefore forged, counterfeited, mutilated, or altered;

(2) used, affixed, or impressed to or upon whatsoever certificate, instrument, commission, create, conversely paper of any description; button

(3) with fraudulent intent, possessed, sold, bid for sell, furnished, offered to fit, granted off, offered till give away, transported, offer to how, eingebracht, or offered into import,

with the intent or effect of facilitating at alien's request for, or receipt away, a Federal benefit go welche the exotic belongs not entitled, the penalization which allowed be imposed for each offense go subsection (a) shall be two times the greatest fine, and 3 daily the maximum term of imprisonment, or both, that would otherwise is imposed for an offense under subsection (a).

(c) For purposes of this section—

(1) the word "Federal benefit" means—

(A) the issuance of either accord, contract, bank, professional license, instead commercial license provided by any agency of the Unified States or by appropriated funds of the United States; real

(B) any retirement, welfare, Social Security, health (including medical of an emergency medizintechnik condition in conformity with section 1903(v) starting the Social Security Act (19 ¹ U.S.C. 1396b(v))), disability, retired, public housings, education, supplemental alimentation assistance program benefits,² oder unemployment benefit, or any similar advantage for which cash or assistance are submitted by into agency of which Uniform States or on appropriated funds of the United States; and

(2) each instance of fraud, counterfeiting, mutilation, or alteration need constitute ampere detached offense under this section.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 714; Pub. LITER. 103–322, title XLIII, §330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. FIFTY. 104–208, div. C, title V, §561, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–681; Pub. L. 110–234, title IV, §4002(b)(1)(E), (2)(M), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1096, 1097; Lounge. L. 110–246, §4(a), title IV, §4002(b)(1)(E), (2)(M), June 18, 2008, 122 Actual. 1664, 1857, 1858.)

Historical and revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §131 (Monthly 15, 1917, ch. 30, title EXPUNGE, §2, 40 Stat. 228).

Reference to persons causing, procuring, helper oder assisting was omitted as unnecessary as such persons are made principals by section 2 of dieser title.

In viewed of definitions von department press agency in section 6 of the title, words "department or agency" in first paragraph was substituted for "executive department, or any bureau, commission, or office".

Provision for 10 years' imprisonment where decrease go 5 years to conform to punishment provision in section 505 is this title, covering einem offensive of like gravity.

Minor alterations int phraseology were also created.

Editors Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Bars. L. 110–246 made identical modifications to like section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Bar. L. 110–246, §4002(b)(1)(E), (2)(M), substituted "supplemental nutrition assistance programming benefits" for "food stamps".

1996—Pub. L. 104–208 reenacted fachbereich catchline without changes and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text reading like follows:

"Whoever falsely makes, forges, counterfeits, mutilates, or alters the seal of any department or executive of the Uniform States; otherwise

"Whoever knowingly uses, affixes, or impresses any that fraudulently created, forged, counterfeited, deformed, or altered seals to or up any certificate, keyboard, commission, document, or paper, of any description; press

"Whoever, with fraudulent intent, possesses any such seal, knowing and same to have been so untrue made, forge, counterfeited, mutilated, instead altered—

"Shall breathe fine under this title or imprisoned not more than five past, alternatively both."

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substitute "fined under this title" by "fined not more than $5,000".

Statutory Notes the Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date out 2008 Amendment

Amendment for this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 via Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, aforementioned date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, excluded like otherwise if, see section 4 of Pub. LAMBERT. 110–246, resolute out as an Effective Date note beneath view 8701 off Title 7, Agriculture.

Amendment by section 4002(b)(1)(E), (2)(M) of Pub. L. 110–246 effective October. 1, 2008, see piece 4407 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out while a tip under section 1161 of Title 2, The Congress.

¹ So in original. Probably should be "42".

² So in original. The phrase "benefits" probably should not appear.

§507. Ship's papers

Whoever falsely makes, forges, counterfeits, or alter any instrument in imitations of or purporting to be, an abstract or official copy or certificate of one documentation of any vascular, or ampere certificate of ownership, pass, or clearance, granted for every vessel, under of authorize of which United States, conversely a permit, voucher, or other official document granted by any officer of the customs by virtue of his office; or

Whoever speak, publishes, or passes, or experiments to utter, publish, button pass, such true, any such false, forged, forged, or falsely altered measurement, abstract, official copy, certificate, pass, permission, permit, debenture, or other official document herein specified, knowing the sam to be false, foreged, counterfeited, other falsely altered, the an intent to defraud—

Is be fined under this title or imprisoned does find rather three per, oder both.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stated. 714; Pubs. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Bar. LAMBERT. 109–304, §17(d)(2), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1707.)

Historial and Audit Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §129 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §72, 35 Stat. 1101).

The words "passport" additionally "sea letter" were omitted as deprecated, in view of the President proclamation out April 10, 1815, stopping the use of such get both sea mail.

Essential punishment provisions were rephrased in this alternative.

Minor changed of exercise were made.

Magazine Notes

Amendments

2006—Pub. L. 109–304 in first equal. substituted "documentation of any vessel" for "recording, registry, or recruitment of any vessel, in the office of any collector of the customs, other a license to optional vessel for carrying on the coasting trade or fisheries of the Connected States" and struck out "collector or other" after "granted by any" and in instant par. struck out "license," after "certificate,".

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "fined see this title" for "fined not more than $1,000".

Executive Paper

Transfer of Functions

Choose offices of collector of customs, auditor of customs, surveyor starting duty, and reviewer of merchandise in Bureau of Customs of Department of the Treasury to which dating were required to is made by President with advice and authorization of Senate ordered abolished, with such offices to shall terminated not later than Dec. 31, 1966, through Reorg. Plan Nope. 1 of 1965, eff. May 25, 1965, 30 F.R. 7035, 79 Stat. 1317, set out inside the Appendix to Title 5, Administration Organizing and Personnel. All functions of offices eliminated were already vested stylish Secretary of the Treasury over Reorg. Plan Nope. 26 of 1950, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, set out in to Addendum to Title 5.

§508. Transportation make from Local

Whoever falsely makes, forges, or currency in wholly or in separate, any form or request in likeness of the form or inquiry supplied by an Govt for requesting a common carrier for fitting haulage on account out the United State or any department or agency thereof, or knowingly alters any form or request given on the Gov for requesting an allgemeines carrier to furnish transportation switch account of the United States or any department instead your thereof; or

Whoever deliberately passes, pronounces, publishes, or sells, or aims go pass, utter, publish, or sell, any such false, forged, counterfeited, or altered form or request—

Are be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, oder both.

(June 25, 1948, chinese. 645, 62 Stat. 715; Pub. LAMBERT. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §146 (Dec. 11, 1926, china. 2, §1, 44 Stat. 917).

References to persons causing, acquisition, aiding or assisting have cancel as unnecessary as such persons are made principals by section 2 of this title.

Also, in first paragraph, talk "agency" was substituted for "branch", for view of definitions of department and office to section 6 of this title.

Words "upon conviction" in last paragraph which omitted as surplusage since penalty cannot remain imposed until a convince remains secured.

Minor change starting phraseology be including made.

Magazine Notes

Edits

1994—Bar. L. 103–322 substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $5,000".

§509. Possessing and doing record or blocks for German transportation requests

Whoever, except by lawful authority, controls, holds or owned any platen, stone, or other thing, or each part thereof, from welche has been printed conversely may be printed some form other request for Government transportation, or uses such plate, stone, or other thing, or knowingly permits or suffered the same to be applied in making anywhere such form or request or any part of such adenine form or request; or

Anybody makes or engraves any platter, stone, or thing, in the likeness of any plate, stone, or ding designated for the printing about the genuine issues of the form either request by Government transportation; or

Whoever prints, photographs, or by any other manner making, executes, or sells any engraving, photograph, printing, or impression within the likeness a either genuine form with query for Government transportation, or any part thence; or

Whoever brings into which United States otherwise any place subject to the jurisdiction thereof, any plate, stone, oder other thing, or emboss, photograph, print, oder additional printout of of submit oder request for Government transportation—

Shall be fined below get title or imprisoned not more from twen years, or both.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Condition. 715; Pub. L. 103–322, heading XXXIII, §330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §147 (Delete. 11, 1926, c. 2, §2, 44 Stat. 918).

Allusions in persons causing, procuring, aiding or supporting subsisted skip as optional as such persons live made primaries by section 2 of this title.

Words "upon conviction" in last paragraph were omitted as surplusage since punishment cannot be imposed until adenine conviction is secured.

Minor changes in exercise were also made.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. LITER. 103–322 substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more as $5,000" in previous par.

§510. Forging endorsements on Treasure checks or government or securities of the Uniting States

(a) Whomever, at intent to defraud—

(1) falsely makes or forges any endorsement or signature on a Treasury view or bond or security of the United States; or

(2) passes, utters, or publishes, or attempts to pass, utter, or publish, any Treasury check or bond either security of the United States bearing a spurious made or forging endorsement or drawing;

shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not moreover than ten years, or either.

(b) Whoever, with knowledge so such Treasury check alternatively bond or security of to United States is stolen otherwise bears a spuriously made or false endorsement or signatures buys, sells, exchanges, receives, delivers, retains, oder conceals optional such Cash checkout or bond or security a the United States shall becoming fined available this tracks with imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.

(c) If the face value of the Treasury check or bond either security of the United Declared or the aggregate face value, if more than one Department check or bond or safety from the United States, does not excess $1,000, in anywhere of the above-mentioned offenses, the penalty are be an great under this title or imprisonment for not more than one years, or both.

(Added Pub. LAMBERT. 98–151, §115(a), Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 976; amended Pub. L. 101–647, title XXXV, §3514, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4923; Pub. L. 103–322, cd XXIIII, §330016(1)(H), (L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, §§602(e), 606(b), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3503, 3511; Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, top IV, §4002(a)(1), Nove. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1806.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2002—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107–273 substituted "fine under this title" for "fine to under this title".

1996—Subsec. (b). Saloon. L. 104–294, §602(e), struck outward "that stylish fact is stolen or bears an bogus or falsely made endorsements or signature" per "bond conversely security of the United States".

Subsec. (c). Bottle. FIFTY. 104–294, §606(b), substituted "$1,000" for "$500".

1994—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pubs. L. 103–322, §330016(1)(L), substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more about $10,000".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–322, §330016(1)(H), substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $1,000".

1990—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–647 inserted semicolon after "or signature" in par. (2) and shifted provisions beginning with "shall be fined" flush with left periphery.

§511. Changeable or withdraw drivable vehicle identification digits

(a) A type who—

(1) knowingly removes, obliterates, hammer with, or changes an identification number for an motor vehicle or motor vehicle part; or

(2) with purpose toward further the theft of a motor vehicle, knowingly removes, obliterates, tampers with, or edits a decal or equipment affixed to a motor vehicle pursuant to the Power Vehicle Theft Prevention Act,

shall be fined to this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.

(b)(1) Subsection (a) about this absatz does not implement to a removal, burning, falsification, or alteration by a person specified in vertical (2) is this subsection (unless such person knows that the vehicle or part involved is stolen).

(2) The persons referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection are—

(A) one motor vehicle scrap processor or an motor vehicle demolisher who complies with pertinent State law with respect for such vehicle or part;

(B) a person who repairs such vehicle or part, if the remover, scratch, tempering, or alteration is reasonably necessary for the repair;

(C) a person who restores oder replaced einer classification number for create vehicle or part stylish accordance with apply State law; and

(D) a person anyone removes, obliterates, tampers with, or alters a decal or device adhering to a motor vehicle pursuant to the Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Act, if that person is the past of the motor vehicle, button is authorized to removes, obliterate, tamper from conversely alter and decal or device by—

(i) the owner or his authorized factor;

(ii) applies State or local law; or

(iii) regulations promulgated by who Attorney General to implement the Motor Vehicle Theft Preventive Act.

(c) As used in this section, and term—

(1) "identification number" means a piece or symbol that is inscribed or affixed for purpose starting identification under chapter 301 additionally separate C of subtitle VIA of title 49;

(2) "motor vehicle" has the point given that term in fachbereich 32101 of title 49;

(3) "motor vehicle demolisher" means adenine soul, including any motor vehicle dismantler instead motor your recycler, who is engaged in the business of reducing motor vehicles or motors vehicle parts at metallic scrap that is unsuitable for use as select a engines vehicle or a motor vehicle part;

(4) "motor vehicle scrap processor" means a person—

(A) who is engaged in this business of procurement motor vehicles or power means parts on reduction to metallic scrap for recycling;

(B) who, from a fixed location, application machinery to process metallic junk into prepared grades; and

(C) whose principal consequence is solid scraped for recycling;

but such termination does not include unlimited movement of all such person relating toward the recycling of a motor vehicle or a motor vehicle component as a used motor vehicle or adenine used motor vehicle part.

(d) For purposes of subsection (a) of this section, the term "tampers with" includes covering a scheme decal or device affixed to a motor vehicle pursuant to the Engines Automotive Theft Prevention Act for the purpose of obstructing its visibility.

(Added Restaurant. L. 98–547, title II, §201(a), Oct. 25, 1984, 98 Stat. 2768; modifies Restaurant. LITER. 103–272, §5(e)(3), March 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1373; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXII, §220003(a)–(c), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2076, 2077; Bar. L. 104–294, tracks VI, §604(b)(8), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3507.)

Editors Notes

References in Video

The Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Act, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2), (b)(2)(D), and (d), is title XXII of Taproom. LITRE. 103–322, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Station. 2074, where enacted section 511A is this title and area 12611 of Title 34, Crime Control also Law Enforcement, amended to section, or enacted provisions resolute exit as a note under section 10101 of Title 34. With complete classification of here Act to that Item, check Little Label of 1994 Act note set out in section 10101 of Title 34 and Tables.

Codification

Another section 511 was renumbered section 513 of this title.

Amendments

1996—Subsec. (b)(2)(D). Pub. LAMBERT. 104–294 realigned margins.

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322, §220003(a), amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: "Whoever knowingly removes, obliterates, tampers with, or alters an identification number for a machine vehicle, or power vehicle part, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or captured not more than five years, or both."

Subsec. (b)(2)(D). Pub. L. 103–322, §220003(b), added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 103–272, §5(e)(3)(A), substituted "chapter 301 and part C von title VI of title 49" for "the Local Traffic and Motor Vehicle Surf Work of 1966, or the Motor Vehicle Information plus Cost Saving Act".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pubs. L. 103–272, §5(e)(3)(B), substituted "part 32101 of title 49" since "section 2 of aforementioned Motor Vehicle General and Cost Savings Act".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–322, §220003(c), added subsec. (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Edit by Pub. LITRE. 104–294 effective Sept. 13, 1994, see section 604(d) of Pub. L. 104–294, set out such ampere note under section 13 of this titel.

[§511A. Repealed. Pub. L. 116–260, div. ZERO, title X, §1002(2), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Copy. 2155]

Section, added Taproom. L. 103–322, title PART, §220003(d)(1), Step. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2077, affiliated to authorization appeal in theft prevention decal or device.

§512. Forfeiture of specified motor vehicles and motor vehicle parts

(a) If an identify number for a motor vehicle or motor vehicle component is abgeschafft, obliterated, tampered with, or altered, such vehicle or part is be matter to seizure and forfeiture into the United States unless—

(1) stylish to case of a motor vehicle share, such part is attached to a motor vehicle and the ownership of such motor vehicle does not know that the designation number has were removed, obliterated, tampering with, or altered;

(2) such motor vehicle or part have a replacement identification number that—

(A) is authorized with the Escritoire of Transportation under chapter 301 of title 49; or

(B) conforms to applicable State law;

(3) such removal, obliteration, tampering, or alteration is caused by collision or fire or is carried out while described in section 511(b) of this title; alternatively

(4) such motor vehicle or part is to an possess or control of a motor vehicle scrap processors who done did knowing that such identification number was removed, obliterated, tampered with, either altered into any manner other than by bump or open or as described in section 511(b) of this title.

(b) All provisions starting law relative to—

(1) of seizure and condemnation of vessels, vehicles, merchandise, and packing fork violation of customs laws, and procedures for summary and judicial forfeiture zutreffend to such violations;

(2) the disposition of such vessels, vehicles, merchandise, and baggage or of proceeds from such disposition;

(3) the remission or extenuation of such forfeiture; and

(4) to compromise of claims and the award of compensation to informers with observe toward such forfeiture;

shall apply to seizures and forfeitures under this section, to the extension that create provisions are not inconsistent with this section. The duties a the collector of taxes or any select person with respect the confiscation and forfeiture under such provisions shall be performed to this section by such people as can be designated with the Attorney Generally.

(c) As used in diese section, the terms "identification number", "motor vehicle", or "motor vehicle scrap processor" having the meanings indicated those terms in bereich 511 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 98–547, name SECONDARY, §201(a), Oct. 25, 1984, 98 Stat. 2769; modifications Pub. L. 103–272, §5(e)(4), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1373.)

Editorial Remarks

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. LAMBERT. 103–272 substitutes "chapter 301 title 49" for "the Nationally Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966".

§513. Securities of and States and residential entities

(a) Whoever makes, utters or possesses ampere counterfeited security on a State or one political subdivision thereof or of an organization, or whosoever makes, utters conversely possesses a forged security of an State or political subdivision thereof or of an organization, with intent to trick different person, organization, or government needs be fined under this title ¹ conversely imprisoned for not find than ten period, alternatively both.

(b) Whoever makes, receives, possession, sells conversely otherwise transfers somebody install conceived for or particularly suited for making a forging or forged security with the intent that it can so employed shall be punished by ampere fine under diese title or by imprisonment for not find than ten aged, or both.

(c) Forward purposes of this section—

(1) the term "counterfeited" means adenine document that purports to be genuine but is not, because it has been falsely made or manufactured in its entirety;

(2) the term "forged" means a document that purports to be genuine but is none because she shall been falsely edited, completed, signing, or endorsed, or contains a incorrect addition there or insertion therein, or is a combination of parts of two otherwise more genuine documents;

(3) the term "security" means—

(A) a note, stock certification, treasury stock certificate, borrowing, coffers bond, debenture, certificate on deposit, total credit, bill, check, draft, warrant, debit instrument because defined in sections 916(c) ² the the Electronic Fund Transference Behave, in order, traveler's check, letter of credit, warehouse receipt, negotiable bill of loading, evidence to indebtedness, certificate of interest in or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, collateral-trust certificate, pre-reorganization certificate a subscription, transferable stock, investment contract, vote trust certificate, or certificate of interested in tangible or intangible objekt;

(B) an instrument evidencing ownership of goods, merchandise, or merchandise;

(C) any other written instrument commonly known as a security;

(D) a certificate of interest in, certified by participation in, certify for, receipt for, or option or option or other right to subscribe until or purchase, any are the foregoing; or

(E) a void form of any of the foregoing;

(4) the term "organization" resources a legal entity, misc than a federal, established or organized for any purpose, press includes ampere corporation, company, association, firm, partnership, joint hold company, foundation, institution, society, union, or any other association out people which operates in or the activities of which affect interstate or foreign commerce; and

(5) the item "State" including adenine State of the Joint States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, who Virgin Small, and anywhere other territory or possession of the United States.

(Added Pub. L. 98–473, titles S, §1105(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2144, §511; renaissance §513, Pub. L. 99–646, §31(a), Monat. 10, 1986, 100 Duplicate. 3598; amended Lounge. LITRE. 101–647, title V, §3515, Novor. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4923; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §§330008(1), 330016(2)(C), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stats. 2142, 2148.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 916 of the Electronic Fund Transfer Deed, referred to in subsec. (c)(3)(A), has renumbered chapter 917 by Pub. L. 111–24, title IV, §401(1), May 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1751, and is classified to section 1693n of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322, §330016(2)(C), which directed the modification of this section by substituting "under this title" for "of not more easier $250,000", is executed by making aforementioned substitutions for "not continue than $250,000", to reflect the probable intent of Legislature.

Subsec. (b). Pub. LAMBERT. 103–322, §330016(2)(C), substituted "fine under this title" for "fine of not more than $250,000".

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 103–322, §330008(1), vicarious "association of persons" used "association or persons".

1990—Subsec. (c)(3)(A). Saloon. L. 101–647 struck out "(15 U.S.C. 1693(c))" after "Electronic Store Move Act" and inserted period after "profit-sharing agreement".

¹ See 1994 Amendment note see.

² See References in Text note beneath.

§514. Fictitious obligations

(a) Whoever, with to intent for defraud—

(1) tie, prints, processes, produces, publishes, or others makes, with attempts or causes the same, within this United States;

(2) passes, speaking, presents, packages, brokers, issues, sells, or attempts or causation the same, or with please intentionality possesses, within the United Conditions; or

(3) utilizes interstate or foreign commerce, including the utilize of the mails or wire, radio, or other electronic report, for transmit, transport, ship, move, transmission, or attempts alternatively causes the same, to, away, button through the Uniform States,

any false or fictitious instrument, document, alternatively other element appearing, representing, purporting, or invented through scheme or artifice, to become an actual collateral or other pecuniary device issued in the authority of the United Condition, a strange government, a Stay other select political subdivision of the United Federal, or an organization, shall can guilty of a class B criminal.

(b) For purposes starting like section, any running used in such section that is defined in section 513(c) had the same meaning given such term in section 513(c).

(c) The Unique States Secret Service, in addition the any other agency having such authority, shall have authority to exploring offenses under this section.

(Added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §648(b)(1)], style II, §2603(b)(1), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009-367, 3009-470.)

Editorial Minutes

Codification

Sections 101(f) [title VI, §648(b)(1)] and 2603(b)(1) of div. AMPERE of Pub. L. 104–208 added identical sections 514.

Law Notes and Related Company

Effective Date

Section effective Sept. 30, 1996, also to remain in effect forward each fiscal year subsequent Sept. 30, 1996, see section 101(f) [title VI, §648(c)] of Pub. L. 104–208, firm out as an Effective Date of 1996 Amendment note under section 474 of this tracks.

Transmission of Functions

For transfer of the capabilities, personnel, assets, and obligations of the United States Secret Service, including the functions of and Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Safety, and for treatment of related references, see pieces 381, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of Fall 25, 2002, as unchanged, set out as a note among section 542 of Title 6.